Comparative profile analysis reveals differentially expressed microRNAs regulate anther and pollen development in kenaf cytoplasmic male sterility line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is advantageous in extensive crop breeding and represents a perfect model for understanding anther and pollen development research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating various biological processes. However, the miRNA-mediated regulatory network in kenaf CMS occurrence remains largely unknown. In the present study, a comparative deep sequencing approach was used to investigate the miRNAs and their roles in regulating anther and pollen development during CMS occurrence. We identified 283 known and 46 new candidate miRNAs in kenaf anther. A total of 67 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were discovered between CMS and its maintainer line. Among them, 40 and 27 miRNAs were up- and downregulated, respectively. These 67 DEMs were predicted to target 189 genes. Validation of DEMs and putative target genes were confirmed by using real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, a potential miRNA-mediated regulatory network, which mainly involves the auxin signaling pathway, signal transduction, glycolysis and energy metabolism, gene expression, transmembrane transport, protein modification and metabolism, and floral development, that mediates anther development during CMS occurrence was proposed. Taken together, our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of miRNA regulation in pollen development and CMS occurrence in kenaf.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".