Short‐Term Improvement in Soil Physical Properties of Cultivated Histosols through Deep‐Rooted Crop Rotation and Subsoiling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Core Ideas Short rotations showed small hydraulic conductivity improvement the year of rotation. Effects vanished the year after termination of the rotational crops. Pore continuity appears to be disrupted by tillage operations. The formation of a compacted layer in cultivated organic soils reduces water infiltration and can lead to the formation of a perched water table. To test the hypothesis that integrating deep‐rooted crops in a short‐term rotation could improve soil physical properties, a 3‐yr trial was conducted on two Histosols. A lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) control and three crops combinations—corn (Zea mays L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and a mix of tillage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)—were planted for 2 yr, on subsoiled and not subsoiled plots. Then, lettuce was reintroduced on all plots the third year of the experiment. Measurements of soil penetration resistance (SPR), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks and Kfs), water table level, and matric potential were performed over time. Kfs improved in the compacted layer during the second year of the rotation compared with the lettuce control. Subsoiling improved SPR, Ks, and Kfs in some cases. Once tillage was used to reestablish lettuce in the third year, those effects disappeared quickly (<3 mo), likely due to tillage. No treatment differences in water table levels or soil matric potentials were observed at that time, indicating that the short‐term increase in Kfs did not improve deep drainage. Despite short‐term changes in the top horizons, the general drainage pattern was controlled mainly by the deeper organic layers rather than the shallow compacted layer originally identified.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".