A 3D discrete-element model for simulating liquid feeding during dendritic solidification of steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A 3D meso-scale discrete-element model has been developed to simulate fluid flow during dendritic solidification of steel. The model domain is a representative volume element consisting of a set of equiaxed dendritic grain envelopes along with extra-dendritic liquid channels, where the final grain shape is given by a Voronoi tessellation. Solidification of each grain is simulated via a volume average approach. The output of the solidification simulation at a given solid fraction is used as the input mesh for the fluid flow simulation. A single domain Darcy-Brinkman model is used to calculate the pressure field within the liquid channels, with Poiseuille flow assumed to occur in the extra-dendritic region, and Darcy flow assumed to occur within the dendrite envelope. Mass conservation over each element is then used to derive a flow equation that is solved via the finite element method. The results of this new model are first compared with a previously-developed granular model [1] where fluid flow only occurs between the grains, and then compared with different forms of the Carman-Kozeny equation. It is shown that the intra-dendritic liquid fluid flow plays a major role in the semi-solid pressure field, and thus needs to be included when investigating hot tearing susceptibility in engineering alloys undergoing dendritic solidification.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".