Fission of Shoaling Internal Waves on the Northeastern Shelf of the South China Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Using high‐resolution full‐water column velocity data at a site of 60‐m depth on the northeastern shelf of the South China Sea, we observed high‐frequency internal waves (HIWs) occurring continuously on the continental shelf during the 15‐hr observation on 13‐14 July 2011. This phenomenon is in contrast to the regular occurrence of internal solitary waves (ISWs) that are generally phase‐locked to the tides. We hypothesize that the continuously occurring HIWs are generated from shoaling ISWs via fission. Analysis of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) true‐color images supports this hypothesis. The mechanism of ISW fission is then investigated using an analytical model as well as a two‐layer weakly nonlinear numerical model based on the regularized long‐wave (RLW) equation. The results are also compared with those from a fully nonlinear continuously stratified numerical model. Simulation results are generally consistent with the field measurements, explaining the observations of the continuous occurrence of HIWs. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to investigate the role and effects of the initial wave amplitude, pycnocline depth and thickness, bathymetry, and viscosity on ISW fission. Although all these factors impact the properties of the shoaling ISWs, both the two‐layer and continuously stratified models suggest that fission mainly occurs near the critical point region, highlighting the importance of pycnocline depth. However, simulations using the two‐layer model suggest that fission occurs after ISWs pass through critical points, whereas the fission location predicted by the continuously stratified model is generally offshore of critical points. This points to the deficiency of the two‐layer model in simulating small‐amplitude short trailing waves, large‐amplitude ISWs, wave breaking, and higher‐mode waves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".