Inactivation of <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Clostridium</i> Spores in Coconut Water by Ultraviolet Light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacterial spores are generally more resistant than vegetative bacteria to ultraviolet (UV) inactivation. The UV sensitivity of these spores must be known for implementing UV disinfection of low acid liquid foods. UV inactivation kinetics of bacterial spores in coconut water (CW) and distilled sterile water was studied. Populations of Bacillus cereus and Clostridium sporogenes dormant spores were reduced by more than 5.5 log10 at the UV-C photon fluence of 1142 μE·m−2 and 1919 μE·m−2 respectively. C. sporogenes spores showed higher UV-C resistance than B. cereus, with the photon fluence 300 μE·m−2 required for one log inactivation (D10) and 194 μE·m−2, respectively. No significant difference was observed in D10 values of spores suspended in the two fluid types (p > 0.05). The inactivation kinetics of microorganisms were described by log linear models with low root mean square error and high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.98). This study clearly demonstrated that high levels of inactivation of bacterial spores can be achieved in CW. The baseline data generated from this study will be used to conduct spore inactivation studies in continuous flow UV systems. Further proliferation of the technology will include conducting extensive pilot studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".