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Record W2947884829 · doi:10.1093/jahist/jaz246

US Health Policy and Health Care Delivery: Doctors, Reformers, and Entrepreneurs

2019· article· en· W2947884829 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Margaret Marsh

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of American History · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicHealthcare Policy and Management
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHealth careNegotiationLegislatureGovernment (linguistics)PoliticsPublic administrationHealth policyHealth care reformPolitical scienceHealth lawState (computer science)Managed careBusinessInternational healthLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

From its no-nonsense title to its straightforward conclusion, US Health Policy and Health Care Delivery offers a clear, concise, and informative history of the failure of the United States to establish a system of universal health care. Taking a structural approach, Carl F. Ameringer argues that the system of health care delivery, as it has evolved in the United States, is “poorly equipped and designed to meet the challenges of universal access” (p. 2). In the systems to which Ameringer compares the United States'—those in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and Great Britain, all of which provide universal health care—the government establishes the frameworks within which doctors and hospitals function. In this country, in contrast, access to health care has been negotiated among “three separate and autonomous policymaking arenas” (p. 13). The professional arena, which principally refers to organized medicine, is controlled largely by doctors. The market arena, which encompasses health systems, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and nursing homes, is controlled by entrepreneurs and corporate interests. The forces in control in the government arena, which includes legislatures, federal and state agencies, courts, and special interest groups, have been variable, depending on the political climate of a particular era. From the interrelated histories of clashes, negotiations, and compromises within and among each of these three “arenas,” he argues, the American health care system was created, and therein lies its problems.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.837
Threshold uncertainty score0.945

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.272
Teacher spread0.244 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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