Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comparison is conducted between the live loads on building structures specified by major structural standards in North America, Europe and Southeast Asia. These include the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE7, National Building Code of Canada Volume 1, British Standard 6399 Parts 1 and 3, Eurocode EN 1991-1-1, and the Hong Kong Building (Construction) Regulation 17. The study showed that the uniform live loads in the five considered standards were close for assembly areas with moveable seats, private rooms in hotels and hospitals, balconies for other than small family residences, and dance halls. However, there were significant differences between the standards for assembly areas with fixed seats, restaurants, operation rooms in hospitals, corridors and public areas, library stack rooms, passenger vehicles garages, and uninhabitable roofs. The study also indicated that the reduction in the live load on columns is based on the tributary area in North American standards, whereas it is based on the number of supported stories for the other considered standards. Finally, the load factors that are applied to the live load were somewhat similar among the various standards for the load combinations that do not include wind load, but were different for the load combinations that consider wind load.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".