58 Effect of high vs. standard dose wintertime vitamin D supplementation on adiposity in young healthy children: A secondary analysis of a pragmatic RCT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Observational research has demonstrated an inverse relationship between vitamin D status and adiposity in children. However, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effect of high dose vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric and cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy children. The primary objective of this study was to determine if high-dose (2000 IU/d) vitamin D supplementation over 4–8 winter months resulted in a decrease in mean BMI z-score (zBMI) when compared to standard-dose supplementation (400 IU/d) in healthy children aged 1–5 years. Secondary objectives were to determine if high-dose supplementation resulted in a decrease in mean waist circumference z-score (zWC), total serum cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, or an increase in HDL cholesterol, when compared to standard-dose supplementation. This was a pre-specified secondary analysis of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Healthy children aged 1 to 5 years were randomized to receive either ‘high-dose’ (2000 IU/day) or ‘standard-dose’ (400 IU/day) vitamin D supplementation over 4–8 winter months. For this analysis, linear regression adjusted for baseline zBMI was utilized to determine the effect of high-dose vs. standard-dose supplement on zBMI at follow-up. Similarly, linear regression adjusted for baseline values was used to examine the effect of high- vs. standard-dose supplementation on zWC, TC, non-HDL, LDL, and HDL. 542 children were included in the analysis (n = 272, 50.2% in the 2000 IU/d group). Mean age of participants was 2.55 years (SD = 1.51 years) and 56% (n= 302) were male. There was a non-significant trend towards lower zBMI in the high- vs. standard-dose group at followup (adjusted difference: 0.10, 95%CI: -0.02–0.22, p = 0.09). Waist circumference z-score (zWC) was significantly lower in the high- vs. standard- dose group at followup (adjusted difference: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.047–0.29, p = 0.007). Serum lipids were not different in the high- vs. standard-dose groups at followup (p=0.20, 0.35, 0.22 and 0.42, for TC, LDL, non-HDL, and HDL, respectively). In this secondary analysis of a large RCT, high-dose (2000 IU/day) vitamin D supplementation resulted in lower measures of waist circumference, but not serum lipid levels, than standard-dose supplementation (400 IU/day) after 4–8 winter months. Wintertime high-dose vitamin D supplementation may have a role in minimizing wintertime adiposity gains in healthy children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.038 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".