Low birth weight causes insulin resistance and aberrant intestinal lipid metabolism independent of microbiota abundance in Landrace–Large White pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Low birth weight (LBW) and postnatal nutrition are risk factors for adult metabolic diseases. However, the interactions between LBW, diet, and intestinal lipid absorption and secretion leading to adult metabolic disease remain unclear. The current study determined the impact of LBW on intestinal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism under both control and Western diet (high fat, high fructose, and cholesterol) conditions in 5‐wk‐old LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) Landrace–Large White × Duroc pigs. A 2‐step modified oral glucose and fat challenge test was performed. Mesenteric lymph, jejunal mucosal scrapings, and cecal digesta samples were also collected. LBW offspring were lower in weight and gained less weight per day. LBW pigs on either control or Western diets displayed increased triglyceride (TG) secretion into lymph ( P = 0.0135). Western diet‐fed LBW pigs developed fasting ( P = 0.03) and postprandial ( P < 0.05) hypertriglyceridemia, muscle steatosis ( P = 0.0072), had higher insulin excursion ( P < 0.01), increased jejunal stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 mRNA and increased hepatic fibrosis ( P = 0.0017) compared with NBW piglets. Gut microbiota showed significant dysbiosis on Western diet independent of birth weight. In conclusion, LBW pigs fed a Western diet specifically up‐regulate TG absorption and secretion, develop dyslipidemia, muscular steatosis, and display early signs of insulin resistance. Interestingly, this study does not provide evidence of altered intestinal microbiome in LBW pigs contributing to increased severity of metabolic diseases.—Fontaine, M. A., Diane, A., Singh, V. P., Mangat, R., Krysa, J. A., Nelson, R., Willing, B. P., Proctor, S. D. Low birth weight causes insulin resistance and aberrant intestinal lipid metabolism independent of microbiota abundance in Landrace‐Large White pigs. FASEB J. 33, 9250–9262 (2019). www.fasebj.org
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".