Antibiotic treatment in feedlot cattle: a longitudinal study of the effect of oxytetracycline and tulathromycin on the fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiota
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Beef cattle in North America frequently receive an antibiotic injection after feedlot placement to control and manage bovine respiratory disease. The potential collateral effect of these antibiotics on the bovine microbiome is largely unknown. Therefore, we determined the longitudinal impact of two commonly administered veterinary antibiotics, oxytetracycline and tulathromycin, on the fecal and nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota of beef cattle that were transported to a feedlot. We also report the effect these antibiotics have on several antibiotic resistance determinants in both the fecal and NP microbiome. RESULTS: Oxytetracycline and tulathromycin perturbation of the bovine fecal and NP microbiota was greatest at days 2 and 5. Although the NP microbiota of the tulathromycin-treated cattle had recovered by day 12, the NP microbiota of the oxytetracycline-treated group remained altered through day 34. Overall, the NP microbiota appeared to be more sensitive to antibiotic treatment than the fecal microbiota. Members of the bacterial Microbacteriaceae family were most notably affected by antibiotic administration in the NP microbiota. Both antibiotics protected against Pasteurella spp. in the nasopharynx at days 2 and 5. Despite very similar diets at both locations, the largest shift in the fecal and NP microbiota occurred after transport to the feedlot (P < 0.05). Antibiotic resistance determinants in the NP microbiome were also affected more strongly by antibiotic treatment than those in the fecal microbiome. Oxytetracycline increased the proportion of erm(X), sul2, tet(H), tet(M), and tet(W) in NP samples and tet(M) and tet(W) in fecal samples, at day 12 (P < 0.05). The effect of tulathromycin on the relative abundance of resistance genes in the NP microbiome was greatest at day 34 as erm(X), sul2, and tet(M) were enriched (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a single injection of oxytetracycline and tulathromycin resulted in significant changes in the NP and fecal microbiota during the first 5 days after treatment. Antibiotic treatment also increased the relative abundance of several antibiotic resistance determinants in the fecal and NP microbiome at either day 12 or 34.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it