Comparison of phosphodiesterase 10A and dopamine transporter levels as markers of disease burden in early Parkinson's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Recent work has shown loss of phosphodiesterase 10A levels in middle‐stage and advanced treated patients with PD, which was associated with motor symptom severity. Objectives To assess phosphodiesterase 10A levels in early PD and compare with loss of dopamine transporter as markers of disease burden. Methods Seventy‐eight subjects were included in this study (17 early de novo, 15 early l ‐dopa–treated, 24 moderate‐advanced l ‐dopa–treated patients with PD, and 22 healthy controls). All participants underwent [ 11 C]IMA107 PET, [ 11 C]PE2I PET, and 3‐Tesla MRI scan. Results Early de novo PD patients showed loss of [ 11 C]IMA107 and of [ 11 C]PE2I binding in caudate and putamen ( P < 0.001); early l ‐dopa–treated PD patients showed additional loss of [ 11 C]IMA107 in the caudate ( P < 0.001; annual decline 3.6%) and putamen ( P < 0.001; annual decline 2.8%), but loss of [ 11 C]PE2I only in the putamen ( P < 0.001; annual decline 6.8%). Lower [ 11 C]IMA107 correlated with lower [ 11 C]PE2I in the caudate (rho = 0.51; P < 0.01) and putamen (rho = 0.53; P < 0.01). Longer disease duration correlated with lower [ 11 C]IMA107 in the caudate (rho = –0.72; P < 0.001) and putamen (rho = –0.48; P < 0.01), and with lower [ 11 C]PE2I only in the putamen (rho = –0.65; P < 0.001). Higher burden of motor symptoms correlated with lower [ 11 C]IMA107 in the caudate (rho = –0.42; P < 0.05) and putamen (rho = –0.41; P < 0.05), and with lower [ 11 C]PE2I only in the putamen (rho = –0.69; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate loss of phosphodiesterase 10A levels very early in the course of PD and is associated with the gradual and progressive increase of motor symptoms. Phosphodiesterase 10A imaging shows similar potential with dopamine transporter imaging to follow disease progression. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".