Skin preparation for prevention of peripheral blood culture contamination in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In Japan, blood cultures for children are performed by pediatric residents, and povidone-iodine (PI) is the recommended solution for skin preparation. Given that PI needs to be applied for 1.5-2 min before venipuncture, skin preparation may be suboptimal if this is not followed. In this study, we investigated the blood culture contamination rate after skin preparation with only 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or IPA plus PI. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients aged ≤6 years who provided blood cultures in the emergency department or pediatric ward. Patients with indwelling central venous catheter were excluded. We evaluated the impact of changing the method of skin preparation, comparing the traditional method using IPA plus PI between 2008 and 2010 (IPA + PI group) with the simplified method using only IPA between 2015 and 2017 (IPA group). RESULTS: A total of 5,365 blood culture samples were eligible for this study. Of these, 171 (3.2%) had an organism identified in blood culture. Of the blood culture-positive samples, 68 (1.3%) were true positive and 103 (1.9%) were contaminated. Thirty-eight (1.6%) of 2,407 cultures in the IPA group were contaminated, whereas 65 (2.2%) of 2,958 cultures in the IPA + PI group were contaminated (OR, 0.72; 95%CI: 0.48-1.07; P = 0.1). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus grew significantly less in the IPA group (1.7% vs 1.0%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A single application of 70% IPA may be the optimal skin preparation method for obtaining peripheral blood cultures from children in Japan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".