Enhancement of Jasmonate-Mediated Antiherbivore Defense Responses in Tomato by Acetic Acid, a Potent Inducer for Plant Protection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acetic acid has been proved as a chemical that could prime the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway for plant drought tolerance. In this study, the capability of acetic acid (AA) for priming of tomato defense against a chewing caterpillar Spodoptera litura and its underlying molecular mechanism were evaluated. AA pretreatment significantly increased tomato resistance against S. litura larvae. Upon larval attack, tomato plants pretreated with AA exhibited increased transcript levels of defense-related genes and elevated activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, and accumulation of protease inhibitor. Moreover, AA pretreatment resulted in upregulated transcription of JA biosynthesis genes and elevated JA accumulation in tomato seedlings upon insect attack. Furthermore, an apparent loss of AA-induced resistance was observed in a JA pathway-impaired mutant suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses8 (spr8). These results indicate that AA enhances jasmonate-mediated antiherbivore defense responses in tomato. This raises the possibility of use of acetic acid, a basic and simple biochemical compound, as a promising inducer for management of agricultural pests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".