Overexpression of hindsight in sensory organ precursors is associated with a transformation of campaniform sensilla to microchaetae in the Drosophila wing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adult Drosophila wing blade contains sense organs known as campaniform sensilla. These cellular structures sense pressure or strain in the wing during flight and provide neural feedback required for coordinated wing movements (Bartussek and Lehmann, 2016). The dorsal surface of the wing blade includes three campaniform sensilla along wing vein L3, two on the first longitudinal vein near the tip of the costa, and a single sensillum on the anterior cross vein. Other campaniform sensilla are found at the base of the wing and on the ventral wing surface (Huang et al., 1991). In experiments utilizing GAL4/UAS inducible expression of the gene hindsight (hnt), which encodes a Zinc finger transcription factor (Yip et al., 1997), we found that campaniform sensilla are frequently transformed to mechanosenory external sense organs, also known as microchaetae. The GAL4 driver used was scaGAL4, a reporter for expression of the proneural gene scabrous (sca) which is expressed in sensory organ precursor cells as is hnt (Buffin and Gho, 2010). We found campaniform to microchaetae transformation occurred in scaGAL4 > UAS-GFP-HntJ18, as well as scaGAL4 > EP55. The penetrance of this phenotype was not complete, as not all campaniform sensilla were transformed to microchaetae in all individuals. To the best of our knowledge, there are two instances of this particular phenotype reported in the literature. The first is a specific allelic combination of loss-of-function mutants of the gene absent, small, or homeotic discs 2 (ash27/ash218) (Adamson and Shearn, 1996). The second involves the expression throughout the wing imaginal disc of a human SMAD tumour allele (UAS-SMAD4100T) (Takaesu et al., 2005). The former instance involving ash2 loss-of-function mutants is of particular interest because ash2 is implicated in the negative regulation of EGFR/Ras/MAPK signalling, through the negative regulation of rhomboid (Angulo et al., 2004), which is required for the production of active EGFR ligand (Wasserman et al., 2000). Thus, overexpression of hnt is consistent with overactivation of EGFR/Ras/MAPK signalling in the context of campaniform sensilla SOPs. Interestingly, hnt is the Drosophila homologue of human Ras Responsive Element Binding protein-1 (RREB-1) (Melani et al., 2008; Ming et al., 2013).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".