Overexpression of hindsight in sensory organ precursors is associated with a transformation of campaniform sensilla to microchaetae in the Drosophila wing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adult <em>Drosophila</em> wing blade contains sense organs known as campaniform sensilla. These cellular structures sense pressure or strain in the wing during flight and provide neural feedback required for coordinated wing movements (Bartussek and Lehmann, 2016). The dorsal surface of the wing blade includes three campaniform sensilla along wing vein L3, two on the first longitudinal vein near the tip of the costa, and a single sensillum on the anterior cross vein. Other campaniform sensilla are found at the base of the wing and on the ventral wing surface (Huang et al., 1991). In experiments utilizing GAL4/UAS inducible expression of the gene <em>hindsight</em> (<em>hnt</em>), which encodes a Zinc finger transcription factor (Yip et al., 1997), we found that campaniform sensilla are frequently transformed to mechanosenory external sense organs, also known as microchaetae. The GAL4 driver used was <em>scaGAL4</em>, a reporter for expression of the proneural gene <em>scabrous</em> (<em>sca</em>) which is expressed in sensory organ precursor cells as is <em>hnt </em>(Buffin and Gho, 2010). We found campaniform to microchaetae transformation occurred in <em>scaGAL4</em> > <em>UAS-GFP-Hnt<sup>J18</sup></em>, as well as <em>scaGAL4</em> > <em>EP55</em>. The penetrance of this phenotype was not complete, as not all campaniform sensilla were transformed to microchaetae in all individuals. To the best of our knowledge, there are two instances of this particular phenotype reported in the literature. The first is a specific allelic combination of loss-of-function mutants of the gene <em>absent, small, or homeotic discs 2</em> (<em>ash2<sup>7</sup>/ash2<sup>18</sup></em>) (Adamson and Shearn, 1996). The second involves the expression throughout the wing imaginal disc of a human SMAD tumour allele (<em>UAS-SMAD4<sup>100T</sup></em>) (Takaesu et al., 2005). The former instance involving <em>ash2</em> loss-of-function mutants is of particular interest because <em>ash2</em> is implicated in the negative regulation of EGFR/Ras/MAPK signalling, through the negative regulation of <em>rhomboid </em>(Angulo et al., 2004), which is required for the production of active EGFR ligand (Wasserman et al., 2000). Thus, overexpression of <em>hnt </em>is consistent with overactivation of EGFR/Ras/MAPK signalling in the context of campaniform sensilla SOPs. Interestingly, <em>hnt</em> is the <em>Drosophila</em> homologue of human <em>Ras Responsive Element Binding protein-1</em> (<em>RREB-1</em>) (Melani et al., 2008; Ming et al., 2013).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".