Hydrologic Performance of Permeable Pavement as an Adaptive Measure in Urban Areas: Case Studies near Montreal, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The infiltration capacity of permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) was characterized on five sites located in the greater Montreal area (Canada). Surface infiltration rates up to more than 20,000 mm/h were observed, even in winter at subzero temperatures (°C). At one of the five monitored sites, rainfall and flow at the outlet were monitored for 12 months. This monitoring revealed peak flow delays ranging from 4 min to 4 h 42 min and runoff reductions ranging from 26% to 98%, depending on the rainfall event. These rainfall and flow data were used to calibrate a PICP hydrologic model that was then used to quantify the impact of implementing PICP in four real urban watersheds. For an eight-year rainfall series, simulations showed a reduction in volume (65%) and duration (21%–48%) of overflows in the two combined sewer systems, a reduction in peak flow (6%–45%) and volume (mean 30%) at the outfall of the two separate systems, and a reduction in surface flooding duration (24%–81%) for the four sewer systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".