Amphiphilic Block-Random Copolymers: Self-Folding Behavior and Stabilizers in Emulsion Polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polystyrene-b-[polystyrene-r-poly(acrylic acid)] block-random copolymers have been synthesized at various molecular weights (7000–23 200 g/mol) and with compositions between 6 and 39 mol % acrylic acid by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Emulsion polymerizations of styrene stabilized by block-random copolymers yielded stable latexes at stabilizer concentrations ≥3 wt % based on monomer. A series of emulsion polymerizations with varying stabilizer content suggests that a novel nucleation mechanism occurs in block-random copolymer-stabilized emulsion polymerizations, exhibiting distinctly different behaviors from block copolymers or conventional small-molecule surfactants. Moreover, alkaline aqueous dispersions of the block-random copolymers were prepared with ease up to concentrations of 300 g/L, whereas similar block copolymers are limited to ∼1 g/L. Analysis of the dispersions via dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy suggests that single-chain nanoparticles form via a self-folding process with hydrodynamic diameters between 2.4 and 5 nm. The novel stabilizer structures may be tuned for rapid dispersion through their anchoring block [polystyrene] and high stabilization efficiency through the stabilizing block [polystyrene-r-poly(acrylic acid)].
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".