Characteristics of Nutritionally Vulnerable Community-Dwelling Older Adults Consuming Oral Nutritional Supplements (OR16-08-19)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are limited data on nutrition risk profiles of community-dwelling older adults and their consumption patterns of oral nutritional supplements (ONS). This study assessed the characteristics of nutritionally vulnerable ONS users versus non-ONS users. A cross-sectional study of White, Black and Hispanic community-dwelling adults, ≥55 years of age, residing in Chicago metropolitan area (MSA), USA was conducted over a 4-month period. Demographic characteristics, Katz’s activities of daily living (ADL), healthcare resource utilization, and ONS consumption in the last six months were collected via a telephone survey. Nutrition risk was assessed via the abridged Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (abPG-SGA) and the DETERMINE checklist. Characteristics of ONS and non-ONS users were compared using t-tests and chi-square tests. A multivariable logistic regression assessed which characteristics were independently associated with ONS use. Of 1001 participants surveyed, 996 provided data on ONS use; 26% (n = 261) were classified as ‘high’ nutrition risk, and 11% (n = 114) reported consuming ONS. ONS users reported consuming on average 4.7 bottles/week, with recommendation primarily received from their physician (37%). ONS users were more likely to be at high nutritional risk than non-users per both abPG-SGA (43% vs 24%, P < .001) and DETERMINE (68% vs 48%, P < .001) results. They were less likely to be independent on all ADLs (86% vs 92%, P = .03), reported higher healthcare utilization, and were more likely to take ≥3 drugs/day (77% vs 53%, P < .001). Higher nutritional risk (per abPG-SGA), lower body mass index, hospitalization in past 6 months, and taking ≥3 drugs/day were significantly (P < .05) associated with ONS use. Although one in four older community-dwellers living in the Chicago MSA were at high nutrition risk, only 11% of them reported consuming ONS. Older adults are more likely to consume ONS and experience poor health outcomes and polypharmacy. These results suggest that identification of nutrition risk among community-dwelling older adults remains unaddressed and may not result in nutrition interventions. Improved identification of nutrition risk and implementation of targeted interventions with ONS is warranted for older community-dwelling adults. Abbott, Columbus, OH, USA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".