Association of obstructive sleep apnea with cognitive impairment and small vessel disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is considered a neuroimaging marker for MCI. Objective: To evaluate the association between OSA, cognitive impairment and vessel disease. Methods: We prospectively recruited individuals diagnosed through polysomnography with severe OSA (S; n=21), moderate OSA (M; n=18), and healthy individuals (H; n=9). Behavioral Data included screening tests with Montreal Cognitive assessment test (MOCA), Ineco Frontal Screening Test (IFS), Language by verbal fluency, Verbal Memory by selective memory verbal test, Attention executive by paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT), selective attention by digit symbol of WAIS, and executive functions like inhibition by Stroop test and Hayling test. Lesions in white matter was established through Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: The frequency of CSVD was higher in patients with OSA ((H=22%; M=38%; S=38%). Splitting the participants according to SVD, we found significant differences in cognitive parameters such LTMs (nonSVD=29; SVD=38, p=0.05) and PASAT (nonSVD=6.7; SVD=10.6 p=0.03). Data as mean ± SEM. LTMs scores varied according to the group (H=40±6; M=38±3 and S=28±3) with significant differences H vs S (p=0.04) and M vs S (p=0.02). Remaining cognitive measurements, between those groups were not different. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that mild cognitive impairment in patients with OSA is associated with CSVD
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".