Precision Microbiome Modulation with Structurally Distinct Type-4 Resistant Starches (OR23-08-19)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gut microbiota is linked to a wide range of pathologies, making it a promising target for improving health. Modulation of the gut microbiota can be achieved by dietary fibers, such as resistant starches, which have demonstrated a role in the prevention of these diseases. However, it is unknown if targeted manipulation of gut microbiota composition, and especially function can be achieved by specific doses of structurally similar yet district fibers. The objective of this study was to compare the effect and dose-response of three different type-4 resistant starches (RS4s) on microbiome composition and function. Using a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, four arm design, 40 subjects were assigned to consume either one of three RS4s (derived from hi-maize, potato, or tapioca) or a digestible starch for 4 weeks. The fiber dose was raised each week from 0 to 50 g/d, and fecal samples were collected at the end of each week. Microbiota composition and SCFA were assessed by 16S RNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. Maize and tapioca RS4s, at doses ≥35 g/d, significantly affected the global composition of the microbiota, decreasing α-diversity and increasing β-diversity compared to baseline. Interestingly, effects of RS4s on microbiota composition and fecal SCFA were distinct and reflected differences in RS4 structure. Maize RS4 enriched Operational Taxonomic Units related to Eubacterium rectale [100% ID], Ruminococcus spp [97.9% ID], and Bifidobacterium adolescentis [100% ID], and increased butyrate. Although there was overlap in the enrichment of B. adolescentis, tapioca RS4 enriched Parabacteroides distasonis [100% ID] and Eisenbergiella spp [94% ID] (but not E. rectale or Ruminococcus spp), and increased propionate. These affects were dose-dependent with a plateau at the 35 g/d dose. In contrast, potato RS4 and digestible starch did not significantly modulate the microbiome. These findings provide essential information on how chemical differences in starch structure can result in specific and dose-dependent alterations of the gut microbiome, providing a basis for precision microbiome modulation through nutritional strategies. This work was supported by Ingredion Incorporated, and by the Campus Alberta Innovation Program, CIHR, and the Canada Foundation for Innovation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".