Examining the factor structure of an abbreviated Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism-2 Scale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of an abbreviated version of the Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 (Sport-MPS-2: Gotwals & Dunn, 2009) using data provided by 343 competitive curling athletes (M age = 30.78 years, SD = 7.93). The original Sport-MPS-2 contains 42-items that measure six facets of perfectionism: Personal Standards (PS: 7 items), Organization (ORG: 6 items), Perceived Parental Pressure (PPP: 9 items), Perceived Coach Pressure (PCP: 6 items), Concern Over Mistakes (COM: 8 items), and Doubts About Actions (DAA: 6 items). To reduce the time participants require to complete the instrument, five of the original PPP items were removed from the instrument. The four remaining PPP items were considered to be marker items on the basis that that they consistently had moderate to high factor loadings on PPP factors in previous studies (i.e., Dunn, Causgrove Dunn, & Syrotuik, 2002; Dunn, Causgrove Dunn, et al., 2006; Gotwals & Dunn, 2009; Gotwals, Dunn, Causgrove Dunn, & Gamache, 2010). All six PCP items were removed because more than half of the sample did not have a coach. A Principal Axes factor analysis was conducted on the Sport-MPS-2 data. To determine the number of factors, a combination of results from Cattell’s (1978) scree test and Lautenschlager’s (1989) parallel analysis were assessed. Results indicated the retention of five factors. The factor matrix was then subjected to a Direct Oblimin transformation (delta = 0). With the exception of one PS item, all remaining items loaded on their anticipated factors and demonstrated good simple structure (Thurstone, 1947). Inter-factor correlations ranged from -.37 (ORG and DAA) to .39 (COM and PS) and all five subscales had adequate levels of internal consistency (all αs > .77). The factor structure of the Sport-MPS-2 remained stable with the inclusion of a shortened PPP subscale.Acknowledgments: Sport Science Association of Alberta and the Canadian Curling Association
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".