Studies of anaerobic internal combustion engine using direct injection of liquid monopropellant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article describes the design and experimentation of a new anaerobic internal combustion engine using direct injection of liquid monopropellant. Specifically, the use of monopropellant post-injection allows the control of the profile P - V of the cycle, which significantly increases the mean effective pressure (indicated mean effective pressure) and the power density of the engine. The monopropellant used was isopropyl nitrate, which is the first known demonstration of a piston engine using this monopropellant for anaerobic operation. The engine power has been modulated with post-injection strategy to modify the P - V cycle profile to obtain a constant-pressure combustion in anaerobic mode. Experiments were performed using an engine with a single piston with a effective swept volume of 45 cm 3 , at an operating frequency of 2 Hz. The prototype engine has achieved an indicated mean effective pressure of up to 4.4 MPa and an indicated power up to 400 W. The indicated thermodynamic efficiency of the engine is found to be about 13% based on the isopropyl nitrate heat of explosion. The indicated specific fuel consumption of the engine is 2.5 mg/J, which represents a conversion efficiency of 49% based on the isopropyl nitrate specific energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".