A Modified IEEE 118-Bus Test Case for Geomagnetic Disturbance Studies—Part II: Simulation Results
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This two-part paper proposes a modified version of the IEEE 118-bus benchmark, referred to as 118-GMD, for time-domain simulation of the impacts of a geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) on a power system within an electromagnetic transient program (EMT-type). The advantage of 118-GMD over existing GMD test cases in the literature is that it enables additional GMD studies including harmonic analysis, response of control and protection, and interaction between the dc geomagnetically-induced currents, transformer saturation, additional var consumption and voltage collapse due to a GMD. Part I has presented the network model and its parameters. Part II presents simulation results and identifies the influential modeling details that should be incorporated in an EMT-type GMD simulation study based on the type of simulation. The study includes modeling details such as line model, delta-winding resistance, over excitation limiter, on-load tap changer, and load model.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it