There are Different Pathways to Stable Spring Wheat Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Conventional and Organically‐Managed Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high costs and negative environmental impact associated with the use of N in crop production suggest we need to improve our knowledge of crop N utilization efficiency (NUtE: the amount of grain produced per unit of N uptake). We conducted a study in organic and conventional fields to compare the effect of management and genetic variability for grain yield and NUtE in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We also assessed the relationships between yield and NUtE stability among tested cultivars under organic management. Grain yield and NUtE were 50 and 20% less in organic compared to conventional management (1.62 and 3.27 t ha−1 for grain yield and 16.2 and 20.9 t DM t−1 N for NUtE, respectively). Analyses of variance revealed significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E) (year × location), and G × E interactions on grain and NUtE in organic environments. Traits in the organic system that were sensitive to G × E interactions included grain yield, harvest index (HI), NUtE, and dry matter production. Four modern cultivars with differing genotypic characteristics (medium tall stature, disease and pest resistant, and semi‐dwarf), had high and stable grain yield, and NUtE in both systems. Our results suggest that the modern wheat cultivars CDC Kernen, CDC Stanley, Carberry, and Unity may be suitable for organic systems because of their stable yield and NUtE across tested environments. Such characteristics could be advantageous under organic farming systems where temporal and spatial variations of resources are normally greater than conventional systems. Core Ideas Nitrogen utilization efficiency has gentotype × environment interactions in organic fields. Low harvest index in organic systems indicates reduced assimilate partitioning due to weed competition. Four modern cultivars with different traits exhibited consistent grain yield in organic systems. Different traits in the four cultivars may be key for organic crop production.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".