Direct synthesis of unprotected α-amino acids via allylation of hydroxyglycine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydroxyglycine, the ammonia adduct of glyoxylic acid, was found to react with various allylboronates in the presence of triethylamine in methanol to give unprotected α-amino acids directly with high stereoselectivity. For instance, the reactions with (E)- and (Z)-crotylboronates afforded the corresponding anti- and syn-crotylated products (isoleucine and alloisoleucine after hydrogenation) with high diastereoselectivity, respectively. Interestingly, it was found that isomerization of the products (γ-adducts to α-adducts) occurred under the reaction conditions in some cases. Control experiments have suggested that the isomerization took place via 2-aza (or azonia) Cope rearrangement of imines derived from γ-adducts and glyoxylic acid.Key words: hydroxyglycine, glyoxylic acid, allylboronates, α-amino acids, allylglycines, isoleucine, alloisoleucine, stereoselective reactions, isomerization, 2-aza (azonia) Cope rearrangement.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".