Do Americans Get Enough Nutrients from Food? Assessing Nutrient Adequacy with NHANES 2013–2016 (P18-040-19)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following dietary recommendations should ensure adequate consumption of essential nutrients, including key nutrients that tend to be underconsumed. The objective of this analysis was to determine if Americans are meeting nutrient needs, especially for shortfall nutrients, as defined by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, by assessing average food intakes with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013–2016. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from children age 2–18 years (n = 5670) and adults age 19–99 years (n = 10,112) participating in NHANES 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 were analyzed using day one sample weights. Usual intake of nutrients was determined using the National Cancer Institute method with two dietary recalls. The percentage of population with inadequate (intake below the Estimated Average Requirement) or sufficient (intakes above the Adequate Intake, AI) intake of shortfall nutrients was determined using the cut-point method. With iron, the probability method was used instead. Nearly half of the population does not consume adequate calcium (47.4 ± 1.8% children; 44.5 ± 1.1% adults). Even more of the population does not consume enough vitamin D (93.7 ± 0.8% children; 94.8 ± 0.5% adults). Non-Hispanic black children and adults had higher rates of inadequate calcium and vitamin D consumption than other ethnic groups. Large proportions of the population also do not consume enough magnesium (36.2 ± 1.4% children; 53.3 ± 1.2% adults), vitamin A (23.8 ± 2.0% children; 45.5 ± 1.1% adults), vitamin C (22.6 ± 1.6% children; 48.3 ± 1.3% adults) or vitamin E (67.2 ± 1.3% children; 79.0 ± 1.3% adults). Approximately 2.95 ± 0.47% children and 6.02 ± 0.30% adults had inadequate iron intake. Only a small proportion of children and adults consumed more dietary fiber and potassium than the AI for their age groups. Additionally, 20.0 ± 1.1% children and 8.31 ± 0.73% adults had choline intake above the AI. Large percentages of American children and adults do not meet recommendations for underconsumed “nutrients of public health concern” or shortfall nutrients. Encouraging children and adults to consume nutrient-rich foods, such as dairy, fruits and vegetables, can help close these gaps. National Dairy Council.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it