Abnormal surround inhibition does not extend beyond the affected limb in people with cervical dystonia: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder associated with the involuntary co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles. In focal dystonia (FD), these co-contractions are localized to a specific limb. One mechanism that may underlie FD is an abnormality in surround inhibition – a neural mechanism hypothesized to hone selected movement patterns by inhibiting the activation of muscles that are not directly involved in the selected movement. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether abnormal inhibitory mechanisms extend beyond the affected limb in FD. To this end, seven participants with cervical dystonia (CD) and seven healthy, age-matched, individuals were asked to perform simple index finger abduction movements. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied at time intervals from 3-1000ms into the movements and EMG was recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI, the agonist) and from abductor digiti minimi (ADM, an uninvolved muscle). If abnormal surround inhibition occurs outside of the affected limb in CD, then the MEPs in the FDI and ADM will be of similar amplitude in the CD group only. In contrast to this prediction, the results showed that MEP amplitudes of the FDI were significantly greater than those of the ADM early in the movement (
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".