Regional Activation of Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Periscapular Musculature during Strengthening Exercises with Elastic Bands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Strengthening of the rotator cuff and periscapular muscles is crucial for appropriate neuromuscular control of the mobile glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. The aim of the current study was to quantify and compare the regional activation of supraspinatus (SUP), infraspinatus (INF) and some periscapular muscles during shoulder strengthening exercises with elastic bands. METHODS:27 right handed healthy volunteers (22.5 ± 2.7 years old) were recruited. Four fine wire electrodes were inserted into the anterior and posterior regions of SUP and the superior and middle regions of INF under ultrasound guidance. Four paired surface electrodes collected data from the upper, middle and lower trapezius and serratus anterior (UT, MT, LL, SERR respectively). Participants performed four resistance exercises (in Y, T, W and L postures) with elastic bands while maintaining good form and cadence. Kinematics were recorded synchronously by Vicon motion tracking system. Electromyography values were presented as % of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and compared across exercises using ANOVA. RESULTS: Rotator cuff and periscapular muscles showed similar activation profiles throughout the Y, W and T exercises. The peak activation of SUP anterior occurred in 20% of L exercise cycle while for other regions it occurred in 40-60% of time cycle. Mean activations of all rotator cuff partitions were over 40% MVIC during four exercises, except middle INF during T exercise (29.3% MVIC). LT was activated >80% MVIC during all four exercises, with no significant differences across exercises while MT was significantly more active in T exercise. The activations of SERR and UT were significantly higher during Y exercise. CONCLUSIONS: YTWL exercises induced moderate to high activation in supraspinatus and infraspinatus partitions, and very high activation in lower trapezius. These exercises are appropriate for strengthening of some rotator cuff and periscapular muscles and can potentially be useful for rehabilitation of scapular dyskinesia and shoulder impingement. However, caution should be taken while prescribing Y exercise for these pathologic conditions as this exercise may induce high activation in UT. Providing additional strengthening exercises for SERR to this exercise package is recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".