The Effectiveness of Sports Marketing Strategies in the Jordanian Physical Education Faculties from View of the Graduate Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of sports marketing strategies from the point of view of graduate students in the faculties of physical education at Jordanian universities. The study relied on the descriptive approach, and A questionnaire consisting of (4) areas, including (24) items, was used to collect data after verifying its validity and reliability. The study sample consisted of (210) students of graduate studies in the faculties of physical education at the Universities of Jordan and Yarmouk University. The results showed that the level of effectiveness of sports marketing strategies came at a high level, the most prominent of which was the marketing of tournaments and games, followed by the marketing of television, followed by the field of marketing methods, and the lowest level of marketing advertising and advertising to a high degree for all fields. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the fields of marketing methods, advertising marketing, television marketing, marketing of tournaments and games according to the variables (gender, Cumulative Average, program). There were statistically significant differences according to gender to favor of males and degree variable to favor of the Master's degree in the marketing of tournaments and matches domain. The results showed that there were no differences in the effectiveness of sports marketing strategies as a whole depending on gender and Cumulative Average variables, while there were statistically significant differences according to the degree in favor of the Masters. The study recommended the need to pay attention to sports marketing strategies in all fields and enhance their role in improving the activity of sports institutions and federations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".