ANTHRAX GLOBAL EPIZOOTOLOGY. 1. SUSCEPTIBLE ANIMALS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anthrax is a widespread disease. Epizootic outbreaks are constantly registered worldwide. Obligatory lethality of the disease, the causative agent of which leads a parasitic mode of life, makes it possible to consider mortality as the main sign of anthrax epizootic process in animals. The paper describes susceptibility of animals to anthrax under natural conditions. The paper presents literature data on the participation of animals of different species and groups in the epizootic process, and the author’s own results of analysis of the recent situation. The susceptibility of animal species to anthrax depends not only on the dose, but also on the form (vegetative or spore) of the anthrax bacterium, the mode of infection, and the site of introduction of the pathogen into the organism. Anthrax affects mammals of 19 species: mostly cattle, which are intermediate hosts and hosts in the global parasitoid system; sheep and goats, horses, pigs, many species of wild ruminants and herbivorous, mostly deer, gazelles, bisons, hippopotamuses and even elephants, as well as Carnivora. Herbivorous endemic animals play the main role in maintenance of natural (soil) foci of anthrax and provide infectious cycles and regular recontamination of the soil – the only reservoir of infection. Such multipathogenicity demonstrates the predominant host range of local parasitoid systems – cattle and small ruminants in the areas of pasture, distant-pasture, free-range cattle rearing (Africa, Asia, Australia), wild herbivores in Africa and the south of the USA, bisons in Canada, deer in the north of the Russian Federation. Infection of Equidae and particularly predators has a sporadic, dead-end character. It occurs relatively seldom and does not play any signifcant role in anthrax epizootology and epidemiology.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".