The Presence of Nuchal Cord Does Not Hinder the Normal Progression of Labor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Nuchal cord is a common occurrence at birth, and its relation to some perinatal outcomes has been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the presence of nuchal cord affects the normal progression of labor. Methods: We retrospectively examined women who delivered their babies at our clinic. The inclusion criteria were >= 37 weeks of gestation, cephalic presentation and a singleton pregnancy. The rates of induction/augmentation of labor, cesarean section/vacuum extraction and prolonged labor and the durations of the first and second stages of labor were compared between women with and without a nuchal cord, separately among nulliparous and multiparous women. Results: We enrolled 2,277 nulliparous and 2,548 multiparous women. A single nuchal cord was found in 559 (24.5%) nulliparous and 616 (24.2%) multiparous women. Multiple nuchal cords were found in 99 (4.3%) nulliparous and 104 (4.1%) multiparous women. Among nulliparous women, the use of vacuum extraction was higher in women with multiple nuchal cords; no such difference was observed among multiparous women. The rate of induction/augmentation of labor was similar between women with and without a nuchal cord in both nulliparous and multiparous women. Among nulliparous women, the median duration of the first stage of labor was 558, 635 and 550 min (P = 0.211), and that of the second stage of labor was 55, 59 and 60 min (P = 0.183), with no nuchal cord, a single nuchal cord and multiple nuchal cords, respectively. Among multiparous women, the corresponding values were 260, 270 and 256 min (P = 0.313) for the first and 13, 13 and 12 min (P = 0.616) for the second stage. The rate of prolonged labor was similar between nulliparous and multiparous women, regardless of the nuchal cord state. Conclusion: A nuchal cord is not associated with labor induction, nor does it hinder the normal progression of labor. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2019;8(2):48-53 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo549
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".