Colonization of Pinus radiata D. Don Seedling Roots by Biocontrol Bacteria Erwinia billingiae and Bacillus simplex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Erwinia billingiae S31R1 and Bacillus simplex S11R41, isolated from the rhizosphere of a healthy tree located in a Pinus radiata D. Don plantation with high presence of fungal pathogens, are antagonists of pine root rot fungi Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria mellea in vitro and in young trees. For effective biocontrol of these pathogens, the bacteria must stably colonize P. radiata roots following their application. To determine root colonization patterns, the bacteria were transformed with stable plasmids encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transformed E. billingiae was visualized on roots 24 days after soil inoculation by confocal and epifluorescence microscopy, and GFP was detected by ELISA 31 days after inoculation. The presence of E. billingiae microcolonies, in some cases in root intercellular spaces, suggests that bacterial growth was active and localized. Fluorescence of B. simplex S11R41 was visualized on P. radiata roots 31 days after inoculation and its colonization pattern changed from scattered cells to localized microcolonies. Although the populations decreased over time, microcolony formation and localization in specific regions of roots indicated that E. billingiae, normally considered to be an epiphyte, and B. simplex can stably colonize roots of P. radiata.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".