Building Laurentia: evidence from P and S-wave teleseismic tomography and SKS splitting in precambrian northern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The geology of northern Hudson Bay, Canada, spans >3 Ga Earth's history including several Paleoproterozoic orogenies, most notably the Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO). The THO is potentially analogous to the ongoing Himalayan orogen, but whether modern-day-style plate tectonics was responsible is debated. Northern Canada is also an ideal location to study the development of mantle keels: Laurentia's keel underlies both Archean and Proterozoic zones, bringing existing Archean keel-formation hypotheses into question. I explore these issues via teleseismic body-wave tomography and SKS shear-wave splitting analysis of mantle seismic structure. During relative arrival-time analysis, when the network aperture is large (~4000 km), some raypaths retain source-side structure due to subducting oceanic crust and mantle lithosphere waveguides. Mitigation of this source-side influence is essential to avoid travel-time dataset contamination. Final tomographic models reveal complicated internal structure to the Archean Churchill plate and the THO. North-central Hudson Bay is seismically distinct from the THO, consistent with the view that one or more micro-continents were caught between the principle colliders, complicating simple two-plate THO models. Network-wide shear-wave splitting delay times of δt >1 s require a mantle contribution. However, North America has moved too slowly since 50 Ma to create an asthenospheric 'basal drag' anisotropic fabric. Evidence for multi-layered fossil lithospheric anisotropy beneath Archean zones supports episodic development hypotheses for keel formation. Southern Baffin Island is underlain by dipping anisotropic fabrics. When reviewed in light of co-located slow wavespeeds extending north from the Hudson Strait in tomographic models, these data support the view that Paleoproterozoic material underthrust Baffin Island in a modern-style subduction zone setting during the THO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".