Does chronic stress mediate predator-prey interactions in wild fish? An experimental approach using exogenous cortisol implants.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis serves as one of the central neuroendocrine systems in mediating the stress response in teleosts.However, HPI axis stimulation, particularly over a prolonged activation, can result in fitness-related consequences.Previous work has shown that stressed teleosts exhibit higher rates of predation when compared to unstressed conspecifics.However, the mechanism(s) underlying this effect, at the physiological and behavioural levels, are currently unknown.My overarching hypothesis is that because of higher metabolic expenditures under chronic cortisol treatment, an individual fish should exhibit riskier behavioural phenotypes leading to higher predator vulnerability.I tested this hypothesis using sunfish (Leopmis sp.) that were implanted with cocoa butter containing either cortisol or as a sham control.Treated animals were subject to a thorough metabolic and physiological profiling.Fish were then assessed for a suite of behavioural traits related to anti-predator and risk-taking behaviours and were accompanied by a field assessment of predator mortality.Cortisol-treatment did result in a significant alteration to the animal's metabolic physiology which included a higher standard metabolic rate, ammonia excretion rates, hepatic [glycogen], and blood [glucose], against respective controls.Despite an altered metabolic state, I observed no alteration to behavioural phenotypes associated with anti-predator or risk-taking behaviours under cortisol-treatment.Similarly, predation rates were comparable across all of my treatment groups.These data indicate that the HPI axis, in this context, is not the driving mechanism underlying higher predation rates in stressed teleosts.It could be that another physiological system associated with the stress response or in conjunction with the HPI axis may be driving xii
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".