Losing a diagnosis of cerebral palsy: a comparison of variables at 2 and 5 years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim This study aims to identify characteristics at 2 years of age that differ between children with confirmed cerebral palsy (CP) and a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years of age. Method This was a retrospective cohort analysis. A CP diagnosis may be considered a ‘probable’ diagnosis at 2 years, which is often ‘confirmed’ at 4 or 5 years, particularly in the context of CP registries. A total of 1683 children with a diagnosis of CP or probable CP at 2 years of age were identified from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry, of whom 48 received a non‐CP diagnosis at 5 years (‘non‐confirmed CP’). Perinatal adversity, preterm birth status, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, presence of comorbidities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and initial CP motor type were compared between the two groups by univariate and logistic regression analyses. Results χ 2 analysis and multivariate analysis both confirmed that children with a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years of age were more likely to have a normal MRI (χ 2 odds ratio [OR]=7.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.8–16.1; OR=5.4, 95% CI=2.4–12.5), ataxic‐hypotonic (χ 2 OR=10.1, 95% CI=4.9–21.2; OR=6.1, 95% CI=2.2–16.2) or dyskinetic CP (χ 2 OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2–5.9; OR=2.9, 95% CI=1.0–7.6), born at term (χ 2 OR=3.7, 95% CI=1.7–8.0; OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.0–12.1), and lack perinatal adversity (χ 2 OR=4.1, 95% CI=1.6–10.7; OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.0–11.7). Interpretation Normal MRI, ataxic‐hypotonic or dyskinetic CP, lack of perinatal adversity, and term birth are associated with a higher odds of non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years of age, thus potentially enhancing diagnostic work‐up. What this paper adds Normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 years was associated with a non‐cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosis by 5 years. Diagnosis of ataxic‐hypotonic or dyskinetic CP motor subtype at 2 years was associated with a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years. Perinatal adversity and preterm birth were rarer with a non‐CP diagnosis by 5 years.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".