Local transportation system and sustainable communities: the case of Churchill, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With increasing awareness of the potential benefit posed by Arctic shipping, many ports and their surrounding regions have undertaken adaptation planning and proactive actions so as to build a resilient and sustained business. However, ports and other coastal infrastructure along the Arctic shorelines are still extremely scarce (and of poor quality), while professional know-how in the construction, maintenance, and operation of such facilities is in short supply. Indeed, hitherto, much attention has been paid to the ‘marine’ side of Arctic shipping while the ‘land’ side has been largely overlooked. An illustrative example is the damage of the only rail line connecting to the town of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada by a major flood in May 2017. This has disrupted land connections to Churchill, curtailing all import and export of cargoes (e.g., wheat) via Hudson Bay and inflicting hardship on residents through a substantial increase of expenditures on food and other commodities, as most supplies relied on aviation throughout much of 2017. Based on an in-depth case study on the port and town of Churchill, MB, Canada, we focus on the overall impressions of Arctic shipping development; the fluctuation of price index; employment structure and rate; the shock to tourism; the place’s vulnerabilities to Arctic shipping routes; and the establishment of adaptation and resilience strategies. This study will cause a paradigm shift in the research approach in the study of Arctic and generate vital information on how transportation disruption influences remote community and thus damage intermodal transportation development in the Arctic. Based on the literature review and analysis, this study argues that a paradigm shift in transportation operation, notably from ‘go it alone’ to ‘collaborative’ approach involving all major port stakeholders, is urgently needed. Also, the thesis investigates Public-Private-People Partnership (4Ps) under the context of the transportation system, the Churchill railway and the port in Churchill. Based on the balance theory, we investigate the triad state of three sectors involved in the transportation system: public, private, and people sectors. Simultaneously, we study the tendency of triad state, offering insights into the dynamic relationship among people and public, private sectors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.042 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".