The perspective of Ontario girls' youth hockey as an alternative sport model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ice hockey is one of the most played sports by youth in Canada and over the past 20 years female participation rates have increased by nearly 900% (Hockey Canada, 2005; 2009). However, despite female involvement in the sport, much controversy still remains for women crossing the gender line of 'malestream' hockey (Hall, 1996). The dominant, malestream model of sport has largely ignored the role of women in sport creating an element of marginalization (Scraton and Flintoff, 2002). As a result, there is a lack of research on the topic of female youth hockey. In response, the purpose of this research was to utilize a case study to understand the dynamics of female youth hockey. Results revealed that female youth hockey may indeed be an environment that provides a unique experience for players. Four overarching themes emerged: 1) rule differences; 2) seriousness; 3) positive parental support; and 4) emphasis on team play and social relationships. From this, it is apparent that these players participate in sport outside of the mainstream hegemonic sport environment (Kane, 1995). This egalitarian approach has led to marginalization of female hockey as the environment does not conform to the dominant sport ethic; however, results suggest that this marginalization may be creating a reverse effect: positive discrimination (Hargreaves, 1990). The environment created is beneficial for the female youth athletes, as they are reaping the benefits of an inferiorized sport model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.024 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".