Tree-ring δ<sup>18</sup>O from an Alpine catchment reveals changes in glacier stream water inputs between 1980 and 2010
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tree-ring stable carbon and oxygen isotope chronologies from two forest sites located in the Forni Glacier forefield (Italy)—one along the glacier stream (GL) and the other toward the valley slope (SL)—were analyzed with the aim of disentangling the precipitation and glacier meltwater inputs in source water δ18O, as reflected by the tree-ring cellulose δ18O. The cellulose δ18O from the GL trees has a negative correlation with winter and summer temperatures, whereas the cellulose δ18O from the SL trees has a positive correlation with precipitation δ18O. The isotopic signature of the source water at the GL site is also influenced by waters of glacial origin, as confirmed by the 18O-depleted glacier meltwater inputs (GMWI_δ18O) estimated by means of an isotope model. The GMWI_δ18O values are consistent with the mean difference measured between the δ18O in the glacier stream and in the precipitation and the winter and summer temperature explains up to 37 percent of the GMWI_δ18O variance. Our results show an increasing influence of glacier meltwater throughout the past decade for the GL site. Our analysis opens new opportunities to reconstruct changes in water regimes of the glacier streams by means of the tree-ring cellulose δ18O.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".