Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During the Different Phases of the Menstrual and Oral Contraceptive Cycles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine whether oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics changes across the phases of the menstrual and oral contraceptive cycles. METHODS: Fourteen highly active women who were either non-oral contraceptive users (n=7, 28±6 yrs.) or monophasic oral contraceptive users (n=7, 22±3 yrs.) participated in the study. The time-constant of the V̇O2 kinetics response (τV̇O2) was determined by ensemble-averaging the V̇O2 response measured during three consecutive step-transitions in work rate, from 20 Watts (W) to a moderate-intensity work rate of 80 W. Each step was six minutes in duration. The test was completed during the menstruation phase of the cycles (follicular phase for non-oral contraceptive users or “inactive pill” phase for oral contraceptive users) and repeated during the respective non-menstruating phase (luteal phase or “active pill” phase). An ovulation test was used to validate the menstrual cycle phase. A metabolic cart was used to continuously measure expired gas concentrations and ventilatory rates. A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the differences in V̇O2 kinetics across cycle phases between non-oral contraceptive and oral contraceptive users. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The time constant for the adjustment of V̇O2 was affected by cycle phases, regardless of contraception use, whereby τV̇O2 was greater in the menstruation phases of the non-oral contraceptive and oral contraceptive cycles (24±7 s) compared to the non-menstruating phases (19±5 s) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The speed of the V̇O2 kinetics response is affected by the phases of the menstrual and oral contraceptive cycles, such that a greater τV̇O2 is observed during the menstruation phase. Anmol T. Mattu was supported by the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".