Arterial Stiffness Is Unaffected By Acute Hyperglycemia And Menstrual Cycle Phase In Premenopausal Women.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute hyperglycemia results in transient increases in arterial stiffness in healthy males and postmenopausal women. However, research in premenopausal women is lacking and the impact of menstrual phase (early follicular (EF) and late follicular (LF)) on vulnerability to acute hyperglycemia-induced increases in arterial stiffness is unknown. It is hypothesized that increases in arterial stiffness in the EF phase will be attenuated in the LF phase. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of acute hyperglycemia on arterial stiffness in premenopausal women in the early and late follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Seventeen healthy, naturally menstruating women (21±1 years) participated in three experimental visits. During two visits (EFGlucose, LFGlucose), arterial stiffness was assessed via central and peripheral (arm and leg) pulse wave velocity (PWV) before and 15-, 45-, 75-, and 105-minutes after consuming an oral glucose challenge (75g glucose/300mL solution). Blood samples were taken to assess blood glucose (BG), insulin (BI), estrogen, progesterone and blood viscosity levels. During a third visit in the EF phase, participants ingested 300mL of water to act as a time-control for PWV (EFControl). RESULTS: BG and BI levels increased 30 minutes post-glucose ingestion (p < 0.001), with no difference between visits (p = 1.00, p = 0.577, respectively). Both central and peripheral PWV measurements were unchanged across visits and time. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that acute hyperglycemia and menstrual phase do not impact central and peripheral PWV. Premenopausal women may experience protection from acute hyperglycemia-induced increases in arterial stiffness previously observed in men and postmenopausal women. Research supported by: NSERC Discovery Grant & Canadian Graduate Scholarship - Master’s
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".