Spironolactone in Doberman Pinschers with Congestive Heart Failure due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy: The PRESDO Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary myocardial disorder characterized by reduced contractility and ventricular dilation of the left +/- the right ventricle(s). In canines, Doberman Pinschers are a particular breed that are primarily genetically predisposed to DCM. Following a progressive preclinical phase, dogs may eventually experience congestive heart failure (CHF) in end stage. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system plays a pivotal role in CHF progression causing poor prognosis. Therefore, the RAA system is an important target for pharmacological intervention. Current treatments in veterinarian standard therapy are only transiently effective due to incomplete RAA system blockade. Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, has been implicated to more effectively blockade the RAA system as evidenced in human medicine. However, spironolactone has never been investigated in canines with CHF due to DCM. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of spironolactone on survival times in Dobermans with CHF caused by DCM. It was hypothesized that the group treated with spironolactone will exhibit a notable increase in time to endpoint. In a prospective, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 67 dogs were randomized to receive 50 mg of spironolactone twice daily (34 dogs) or placebo (33 dogs), in addition to standard therapies. Clinical follow-up was every 1 - 4 weeks until endpoint. Quality of life questionnaire and physical examination were performed at every recheck, while renal biochemistry, ECG, echocardiography, and thoracic radiography were reassessed as needed. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were computed and compared.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".