Functional Properties of Triticale Bran Bioactives Using In Vitro and In Vivo Model Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Part of the solution to reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases is the employment of food as medicine.Whole grain consumption has been associated with a variety of health benefits owing to their bioactive constituents, namely fibre and phytochemicals.The overall aim of this study was to discover the underlying mechanisms behind the positive physiological effects of whole grains and further elucidate their nutritional value.In particular, the bioactive properties of alkylresorcinols (ARs), phenolic lipids present almost exclusively in cereal grains, and soluble dietary fibre, potential prebiotics, were investigated using triticale bran (TB), an underestimated cereal crop.Specific objectives were met through the following projects.Conditions for large-scale extraction of ARs from cereal grains were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).Isolation of ARs for 16-24 h at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40 (weight per volume) and temperature of 24 °C produced the highest yield with the least amount of co-extractives/unknowns.The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ARs were evidenced by in vitro model systems, ORAC, DPPH, and COX assay whereby results were in agreement with ex vivo model systems, RAW 264.7 macrophage cell cultures induced by AAPH or LPS.Subsequently, the in vivo effects of ARs were evaluated and oxidative stress markers in liver and heart tissues of mice supplemented 0.5% ARs and mice fed 10% TB demonstrated antioxidant protection.Additionally, water extractable polysaccharides (WEP) from cereal samples were isolated by varying treatments; the highest yield with the least amount of impurities was achieved by boiling water extraction followed by successive enzyme treatments, dialysis and successive ethanol fractionations.Using yogurt as fermentation model, probiotic yogurt in the presence of TB produced significantly higher TTA values, lower pH levels, and improved microbial viability compared to controls.In addition to the prebiotic potential of TB, likely owing to its high fibre content, isolates of WEP also demonstrated antioxidant activity as measured by ORAC assay.like Dr. Hosseinian who encouraged me to work hard and push forth during trying times.She gave me confidence in my abilities, guidance, and shared all of her knowledge and wisdom while still challenging me to push myself beyond my perceived limits.Additionally, I am very grateful to Dr. Dave B. Oomah from
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".