IL-17 Production by γδ+ T Cells Is Critical for Inducing Th17 Responses in the Female Genital Tract and Regulated by Estradiol and Microbiota
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract IL-17 can be produced by adaptive immune cells such as Th17 cells and by immune cells that produce IL-17 without prior priming. This latter category, which we will refer to as “innate,” includes innate cells such as NK cells and innate lymphoid cells and innate-like T cell populations such as NKT cells and γδ+ T cells. Studies in mucosal tissues have shown that the induction of Th17 immunity is amplified by innate IL-17 produced within those tissues. However, the role of innate IL-17 and its effect on Th17 induction in the female genital tract (FGT) is largely unknown. In this study, we characterize the primary source of IL-17–secreting vaginal cells and show that innate IL-17 plays a critical role in priming adaptive Th17 responses in the FGT. Under homeostatic conditions, γδ+ T cells were the predominant source of innate IL-17 in the murine FGT, and this population was modulated by both the sex hormone estradiol and the presence of commensal microbiota. Compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, vaginal APCs isolated from IL-17A–deficient (IL-17A−/−) mice were severely impaired at priming Th17 responses in APC–T cell cocultures. Furthermore, the defect in Th17 induction in the absence of innate IL-17 was associated with impairment of IL-1β production by vaginal CD11c+ dendritic cells. Overall, our study describes a novel role for IL-17 in the FGT and further demonstrates the importance of factors in the vaginal microenvironment that can influence adaptive immune responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".