Analysis and Design of an All-Digital ∆Σ TDC via Time-Mode Signal Processing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This brief presents an all-digital first-order 1-bit ΔΣ time-to-digital converter (TDC) using a time-mode signal processing approach. Time integration is performed using a bidirectional gated delay line. The nonlinearity and timing errors of the time integrator are analyzed. The impact of feedback time on the performance of the TDC is analyzed. A design methodology effective in minimizing the impact of process uncertainty is developed. The TDC is designed in a TSMC 130-nm 1.2-V CMOS technology and analyzed using Spectre from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM4 device models. Simulation results show the TDC offers SNDR of 50.0 dB and ENOB of 8.0 over 731-kHz bandwidth at 33-MHz sampling frequency while consuming 175 μW. The FOM of the TDC is 0.47 pJ/conv.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".