Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the past context of regionalism in Canada provides an important basis for interpreting and improving current and future policies and practices. The purpose of this chapter is to present a framework of four eras that reflect significant historical differences in regional development policy in post-colonial Canada: nation-building, intervention, restructuring, and negotiation. Each of these eras is a reflection of a complex interplay of political ideologies, development theories, policy goals, external forces, and regional conditions, all set within evolving but significantly different national political economic contexts. We then examine the ways in which these eras are reflected in the policies of the four case study provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, Québec, and Newfoundland and Labrador. The analysis is organized using four themes that help to differentiate and understand provincial policy directions: their institutional legacies, vision, sub-provincial organization, and post-WWII shortcomings. This research identifies some of the provincial-level features that should be considered when attempting the transfer, adaptation, and application of lessons from one province to another.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".