Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors Have a Substantially Lower Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level Than Healthy Canadians Despite a Clinically Equivalent Level of Physical Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: As the survival rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) continues to improve, the physical deconditioning is becoming an increasingly common problem in survivors. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels of survivors and control participants. Methods: A total of 221 childhood ALL survivors (114 males and 107 females), diagnosed between 1987 and 2010 and treated according to Dana Farber Cancer Institute-ALL 87-01 to 05-01 protocols at Sainte-Justine University Health Center (SJUHC), Montreal (Canada), and 825 control participants (364 males and 461 females), recruited in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (cycle 2) during 2009 to 2011 by Statistics Canada, were included in our analyses. In both survivors and controls, cardiorespiratory fitness and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed. Results: Survivors' V̇O2 peak was found to be 22% lower than that of controls. Cardiorespiratory fitness was different between the survivors (32.4 ± 8.3 mL/(kg·min); β = 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.14) and the controls (41.6 ± 9.4 mL/(kg·min); β = 0.16; 95% CI 0.13–0.18), despite a clinically equivalent level of MVPA [survivors (27.5 ± 27.4 min/day) and controls (33.4 ± 24.2 min/day)]. Status (being survivor) and the age of the participants were negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas MVPA and male gender were positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: We observed that for a clinically equivalent level of MVPA, cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly lower in survivors compared with controls. Our findings showed that female survivors were most affected, compared with male survivors. These findings allow further understanding of the physiological differences between childhood ALL survivors and control participants and have important implications for this high-risk population of survivors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".