Geochemical analysis of thermal fluids from southern Mount Meager, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geothermal exploration has been ongoing intermittently in the Mount Meager geothermal area, British Columbia, Canada, since the 1970s. However, a geochemical interpretation of the many fluid samples collected during this time period has not been carried out for several decades, leaving gaps in understanding of the system which modern techniques can help fill. Thermal fluids from springs and wells in the southern Mount Meager geothermal field were analyzed to understand the fluid origin, controls on chemistry from effects of mixing and water-rock interaction, and to determine the reservoir temperature and composition. Chloride and boron concentrations ranged from 100 to 3300 ppm and 0.3 to 28 ppm, respectively. These very high conservative element concentrations cannot alone be explained by rock dissolution and are instead likely supplied by a single magmatic source. Calculated reservoir compositions suggest that select deep wells have experienced significant CO2 degassing from reservoir to the surface, and high SO4 content present from surface samples is traced down to the reservoir. These data corroborate the hypothesis that a magmatic component exists and contributes to B, Cl, CO2 and SO4 fluid composition, although CO2 and SO4 may have alternate sources. Select geothermometers calculated reservoir temperatures of up to 283 °C for central deep wells and as low as 30 °C and 5 °C for hot springs and cold springs, respectively. Like many high-temperature geothermal systems, the compositions of thermal fluids appeared to be controlled by the equilibrium between the fluid and observed secondary minerals. Hot springs and wells on the eastern and northern sides of the reservoir are of low temperature and likely define the boundaries of peripheral waters. Wells to the southeast contained anomalously high Cl and SO4, suggesting a possible magmatic input of these components which may be controlled by the east-west running Meager Creek Fault Zone. There is a significant source of hot, Cl- and CO2-rich thermal waters supplying deep wells MC-1, MC-2, MC-6 and MC-8, and possibly MC-3. These NaCl waters likely define the high temperature, central location of the geothermal reservoir.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".