Effects of Dietary Sclerocarya Birrea Caffra (Marula) Nut Meal on the Growth Performance and Viscera Macromorphometry of Broiler Japanese Quail
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, soybean production fails to meet soyabean meal (SBM) requirements of the poultry feed industry hence the need to search and develop alternatives for the industry. Indigenous tree seeds are potential dietary protein sources in feeds. Chemical and in vivo studies have demonstrated the potential of Marula nut meal (MNM) as a dietary protein source in broiler chicken feeds. The gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota composition of quail differ from that of chicken, thus this study evaluated MNM's potential to substitute SBM on the growth performance, feed economy, and viscera macro-morphometry of broiler Japanese quail. Two hundred 7-day old quail chicks were randomly allocated to and fed the grower and finisher diets for 4 and 2 weeks, respectively. The MNM substituted SBM on a CP basis at 0%, 25%, 50% 75% and 100% for diets 1 through to 5, respectively. Body mass and feed intake (FI) were determined. Body mass gain (BMG), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FRC) were computed. On slaughter, feathers were hand-plucked, viscera dissected out and their mass and length (where relevant) and empty carcass mass determined. Dietary MNM had no effect (P > 0.05) on terminal body mass, BMG, ADG, FI and FCR and on the empty carcass mass of the quail. Relative to body mass, caeca from quail fed diet 3 were heavier (P < 0.05) compared to those from counterparts fed diet 4. Marula nut meal can replace SBM in broiler quail diets without compromising growth, feed intake and feed utilisation efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".