Wnt Signaling Modulates Routes of Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are important cell type for regenerative medicine. Previous studies showed that retinoic acid (RA) induces differentiation of SMCs from monolayer-cultured embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with high efficiency. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly defined. Here, we identified Wnt signaling as a primary regulator for RA-induced ESC differentiation. The activation of Wnt signaling inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition during ESC differentiation, leading to inhibition of RA-induced SMC differentiation and promoting differentiation of ESCs toward primitive endoderm (PrE) lineage instead, while the inhibition of Wnt signaling promoted RA-induced SMC differentiation. Loss-of-function studies revealed that 7-like 2 (Tcf7l2) was the key transcription factor that Wnt operate through during RA-induced differentiation. Thus, this study revealed that the Tcf7l2-mediated Wnt signaling is a switch in determining the mesoderm/PrE fates in RA-induced ESC differentiation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it