Need for coronary artery bypass grafting in Newfoundland and Labrador: the impact of increased demand.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the past decade, growth of coronary revascularization in Canada has been substantial. It was hypothesized that as coronary angiography (CA) rates increased, referral for necessary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) would also increase, and include patients with multivessel disease and class I to III angina who required elective surgery. Furthermore, it was proposed that the number of CABG surgeries needed would increase at a similar rate to that of CA. METHODS: An incident cohort of patients who received CA in 1998/1999 was identified, and the group referred for CABG was followed. Clinical characteristics, appropriateness and necessity scores using specific criteria, and waiting times were evaluated and compared with a similar cohort from 1994/1995. Utilization data for coronary revascularization procedures from 1994 to 2002 were reviewed. RESULTS: Between 1994/1995 and 1998/1999, the number of CAs per year increased by 37%. The inappropriateness rate for CA was 4% in 1998/1999. The proportion of patients diagnosed with critical coronary artery disease increased from 68% in 1994/1995 to 74% in 1998/1999. The number referred for CABG increased by 48%, and the number for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) increased by 137%. The increase in the number referred for CABG was attributable to the increase in the number of patients with less severe symptoms who required delayed elective CABG. The necessity rate for CABG in the referred group was 94% in 1994/1995 and 95% in 1998/1999. A further 91 patients were identified who needed CABG but did not receive it, 86% of whom had PTCA. From 1999 to 2002, the annual growth rate in those referred for CABG was higher than the growth rate for CA. CONCLUSIONS: With the growth in CA, the rate of discovery of high risk coronary anatomy actually increased. Growth in CABG volume was attributable to growth in the need for elective surgery in patients with class I to III angina. The rate of CABG increased disproportionately to the rate of CA, despite higher rates of PTCA with stenting. It is likely that the demand for CABG will continue to rise steadily, as expansion of angiography occurs, and may be higher than expected from the growth in CA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".