Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity between 2010 and 2017 in preschoolers: A population‐based study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We evaluated changes in overweight, obesity, and severe obesity in a population of 4- to 6-year-olds from 2010 to 2017. Anthropometric data were collected during children's preschool immunization visits in Edmonton and Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Body mass index (BMI), BMI z scores, and weight status categories were based on the World Health Organization criteria. Across 8 years, we examined population-level data from 161 114 children in which the prevalence of overweight (17.8%-15.7%; P < .001) and obesity (4.7%-4.2%; .004) decreased, while severe obesity (2.4%-2.2%; .3) remained unchanged. Overweight decreased in both boys (19.2%-16.8%; P < .0001) and girls (16.4%-14.6%; .003); obesity decreased in boys (5.3%-4.4%; .005), but not girls (4.1%-3.9%; .2). Severe obesity was stable in both sexes. Annual household income and breast feeding had positive, but variable moderating effects on overweight and obesity exclusively. Overall, reductions in overweight and obesity were positive findings, but targeted strategies are needed to reduce severe obesity in preschoolers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".